RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare three different regimens of thymoglobulin induction. Methods: One hundred seventy two patients submitted to renal transplantation from a dead donor were divided into three groups according to the total number of thymoglobulin doses used in the post-transplantation surgery: Group 1, until 14 doses - May 2002 to June 2004 (n = 48); Group 2, until 7 doses - July 2004 to December 2006 (n = 57); Group 3, until 4 doses - January 2007 to July 2009 (n = 67). The three groups were compared according to the main outcomes. Results: The main demographic differences among the groups were: greater dialysis time in Group 3 (p < 0.001 for Group 1; and p = 0.04 for Group 2); donor age, greater in Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively); and cold ischemia time progressively greater from Group 1 to 3: 19.5 ± 5.1 to 24.6 ± 5.7 hours (p < 0.001). In relation to the inhibitor of calcineurin, the relation Tac/Csa was 14.6/66.7% in Group 1, 78.9/12.3% in Group 2 and 100/0% in Group 3. Reflecting the increase in cold ischemia time, the incidence of delayed graft function was 64.6%, 68.4% e 82.1% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = ns). The incidence of acute rejection was similar in the three groups: 16.7% (1); 16.3% (2) and 16.4 (3) - p = ns. The prevalence of viremia for cytomegalovirus was 61.7% in Group 1, 66.1% in Group 2 and 83.3% in Group 3 (p = ns). There were no difference related to the number of infected cells with cytomegalovirus in antigenemia, according to the groups, however, patients in Group 3 had an earlier diagnosis: from 64.3 ± 28.5 days in Grup 2, to 47.1 ± 22.5 days, in Group 3, p < 0.001. Survival of the graft in one year was 89.6%, 92.9% and 91.0%, in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = ns). The graft function was much better with the lower doses of thymoglobulin: Group 1: 57.0 ± 20.0 mL/min; Group 2: 67.0 ± 18.4 mL/min (p = 0.008); Group 3: 71.2 ± 18.4 mL/min (p < 0.001, Group 1 versus Group 3; p = 0.06, Group 1 versus Group 2). There was a significant reduction in the costs of induction protocol from U$ 7,567.02 to U$ 3,485.56 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The total number of thymoglobulin doses for immunologic induction could be reduced in a safe and effective way, without a negative impact in graft rejection or survival, preserving renal function and being significantly cheaper.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar três regimes diferentes de indução com timoglobulina. Métodos: Cento e setenta e dois pacientes submetidos a transplante de rim com doador falecido foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o número total de doses de timoglobulina utilizada no pós-operatório: Grupo 1, até 14 doses - Maio de 2002 a Junho de 2004 (n = 48); Grupo 2, até 7 doses - Julho de 2004 a Dezembro de 2006 (n = 57); Grupo 3, até 4 doses - Janeiro de 2007 a Julho de 2009 (n = 67). Os três grupos foram comparados de acordo com os principais desfechos. Resultados: As principais diferenças demográficas entre os três grupos foram: tempo em diálise, que foi maior no Grupo 3 (p < 0,001 para o Grupo 1; p = 0,04 para o Grupo 2); idade do doador, maior nos Grupos 2 e 3 (p = 0,02; p = 0,01, respectivamente); e o tempo de isquemia fria, progressivamente maior do Grupo 1 ao 3: 19,5 ± 5,1 para 24,6 ± 5,7 horas (p < 0,001). Em relação ao inibidor de calcineurina utilizado, a relação entre Tac/Csa foi de 14,6/66,7% no Grupo 1, 78,9/12,3% no Grupo 2 e de 100/0% no Grupo 3. Refletindo o aumento no tempo de isquemia fria, a incidência de delayed graft function foi de 64,6%, 68,4% e 82,1% nos Grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente (p = ns). A incidência de rejeição aguda foi semelhante nos três grupos: 16,7% (1), 16,3% (2) e 16,4% (3) - p = ns. A prevalência de viremia para citomegalovírus foi de 61.7% no Grupo 1; 66,1% no Grupo 2; e 83,3% no Grupo 3 (p = ns). Não houve diferenças quanto ao número de células infectadas com o citomegalovírus na antigenemia, de acordo com os grupos; entretanto, os pacientes do Grupo 3 tiveram diagnostico mais precoce: de 64,3 ± 28,5 dias no Grupo 2, para 47,1 ± 22,5 dias no Grupo 3 (p < 0,001). A sobrevida do enxerto em um ano foi de 89,6%, 92,9% e 91,0%, nos Grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente (p = ns). A função do enxerto foi substancialmente melhor com menor número de doses de timoglobulina: Grupo 1: 57,0 ± 20,0 mL/min; Grupo 2: 67,0 ± 18,4 mL/min (p = 0,008); Grupo 3: 71,2 ± 18,4 mL/min (p < 0,001, Grupo 1 versus Grupo 3; p = 0,06, Grupo 1 versus Grupo 2). Houve uma redução significativa no custo do protocolo de indução de U$ 7.567,02 para U$ 3.485,56 (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O número total de doses de timoglobulina para indução imunológica pôde ser reduzido de forma segura e eficaz, sem impacto negativo na incidência de rejeição ou sobrevida do enxerto, com preservação da função renal, sendo significativamente mais barato.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare three different regimens of thymoglobulin induction. METHODS: One hundred seventy two patients submitted to renal transplantation from a dead donor were divided into three groups according to the total number of thymoglobulin doses used in the post-transplantation surgery: Group 1, until 14 doses - May 2002 to June 2004 (n = 48); Group 2, until 7 doses - July 2004 to December 2006 (n = 57); Group 3, until 4 doses - January 2007 to July 2009 (n = 67). The three groups were compared according to the main outcomes. RESULTS: The main demographic differences among the groups were: greater dialysis time in Group 3 (p < 0.001 for Group 1; and p = 0.04 for Group 2); donor age, greater in Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively); and cold ischemia time progressively greater from Group 1 to 3: 19.5 ± 5.1 to 24.6 ± 5.7 hours (p < 0.001). In relation to the inhibitor of calcineurin, the relation Tac/Csa was 14.6/66.7% in Group 1, 78.9/12.3% in Group 2 and 100/0% in Group 3. Reflecting the increase in cold ischemia time, the incidence of delayed graft function was 64.6%, 68.4% e 82.1% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = ns). The incidence of acute rejection was similar in the three groups: 16.7% (1); 16.3% (2) and 16.4 (3) - p = ns. The prevalence of viremia for cytomegalovirus was 61.7% in Group 1, 66.1% in Group 2 and 83.3% in Group 3 (p = ns). There were no difference related to the number of infected cells with cytomegalovirus in antigenemia, according to the groups, however, patients in Group 3 had an earlier diagnosis: from 64.3 ± 28.5 days in Grup 2, to 47.1 ± 22.5 days, in Group 3, p < 0.001. Survival of the graft in one year was 89.6%, 92.9% and 91.0%, in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = ns). The graft function was much better with the lower doses of thymoglobulin: Group 1: 57.0 ± 20.0 mL/min; Group 2: 67.0 ± 18.4 mL/min (p = 0.008); Group 3: 71.2 ± 18.4 mL/min (p < 0.001, Group 1 versus Group 3; p = 0.06, Group 1 versus Group 2). There was a significant reduction in the costs of induction protocol from U$ 7,567.02 to U$ 3,485.56 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The total number of thymoglobulin doses for immunologic induction could be reduced in a safe and effective way, without a negative impact in graft rejection or survival, preserving renal function and being significantly cheaper.
